ادامه مطلب...
براستی تبحر کامل زبانی توسط یک فرد وجود دارد ؟ پاسخ به این سوال بسیار مشکل است چراکه تعریف جامعی و مانعی برای تبحر زبانی وجود ندارد . هر فردی توانایی ها و تبحر زبانی منحصر بفردی دارد . این تبحر به عواملی همچون مکان زمان و نحوه یادگیری زبان نیز بستگی دارد .
زبان توسعه یافته ترین ابزار فکری است که برای برقراری ارتباط بین انسانها و جوامع انسانی به کار گرفته می شود. گرچه با ابزارهای دیگری مانند علایم، رقص و هنرهای بصری همچون نقاشی و مجسمه سازی نیز می توان ارتباط برقرار نمود، اما انتقال مفاهیم پیچیده ذهنی به ساده ترین و کامل ترین شکل ممکن فقط از طریق زبان نوشتاری و گفتاری ممکن است.
اما جمعیت کره زمین به زبانهای مختلفی صحبت می کنند، زبانهایی که هرکدام به گوش دیگری غریب می آیند. طی سالیان اخیر به دلایل مختلف علمی، سیاسی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی، زبان انگلیسی تبدیل به وسیله ارتباط مردمانی از فرهنگها و ملیت های متفاوت شده است. امروزه زبان انگلیسی درفعالیتهای مالی، تجاری، آموزشی، پژوهشی وعلمی سراسر جهان به عنوان ابزار اصلی انتقال مفاهیم به کارگرفته می شود، البته زبانهای دیگر نیز در برخی موارد نقشی کلیدی ایفا می کنند.
ادامه مطلب...
هم اکنون بسیاری از بزرگسالان در سرتاسر جهان انگلیسی صحبت می کنند.همچنین تعداد زیادی از بزرگسالان نیز می خواهند که انگلیسی را یاد بگیرند یا مجبور به یادگیری آن هستند.
جدای از هدف یادگیری انگلیسی ، انجام این کار می تواند گام بسیار مهمی در زندگی شما باشد. مطمئنا این کار مستلزم مقداری کار و تلاش از جانب شما خواهد بود.
ادامه مطلب...
Welcome to ESLvideo.com
Free esl video quizzes and resources for ESL / EFL students and teachers
A language learner's manifesto
Listen to the podcast of this post.
Have you studied English for many years? Are you still afraid to speak English? Please study this and repeat it to yourself daily.
I can be FLUENT in English. My goal is to be FLUENT. My goal is not to be perfect. My goal is just to be FLUENT. I can be FLUENT and still make mistakes.
F:First I must forget what I learned in school. I will make a fresh start. I will forget the rules of grammar. I will forget the quizzes and tests. I will forget all the times I made mistakes. I will forget what my teachers taught me. I will forget my native language. I will forget who I am. I am a new person. I am an English speaker. I will make a fresh start. I will have fun! I will focus on things that are fun and interesting. I will learn.
L:I will learn how to learn. I will listen a lot. I will let myself go. I will listen and let the English language enter my mind. I will listen often. I will listen every day. I will listen to the same content many times. I will listen to the meaning. I will listen to hear the words and phrases. I will listen early in the morning. I will listen late at night.
U: I will understand the language. I will understand what I hear and read. If I can understand what I hear and read I will be able to speak and write. Until I can understand what I hear and read, I will not be able to speak and write well. But there is no hurry. I will work on understanding. I will read a lot and especially, listen a lot. I want to understand the meaning of English. I do not want to understand the rules of grammar.
E: Every day is a learning day. Every day the language is entering my brain. I enjoy reading and listening every day. I study with energy and enthusiasm. I study interesting things and enjoy the language. If I enjoy the language I will improve. Let the language enter my mind. There is no need to push myself. I am getting better every day.
N: I will never say that I am no good. When I read and listen I will tell myself “nice going”! I will learn naturally and easily. I will be nice to myself. I will not be nervous. If I make a mistake I will say “never mind”. If I cannot understand something I will say “never mind.” If I forget a word I will say “never mind.” If I have trouble saying what I want to say , “no problem”. I will continue.
T: I will Trust myself. I will be confident. Confident learners improve quickly. I will treat myself with respect. I will tell myself that I am doing well. I just need to keep going, no matter what. The more I listen and read using The Linguist, the more I will understand. The more words and phrases I save the more I will know. Soon I will be ready to speak and write well. I will take it easy. I know I will succeed. I will trust myself and trust The Linguist.
Language learning is like falling in love
This evening I have to give a short talk in Japanese to about 30 members of the Japan-Canada Chamber of Commerce. I am a Director of this Chamber, which consists mostly of recent Japanese immigrants to Canada who are involved in their own businesses here. Here is what I intend to say in Japanese.
Language learning is like falling in love. In fact you have to be in love to learn a language well. I mean in love with the language. You have to have a love affair with the language. You do not have to marry the language. You can have an affair and then move on to another language after a period of time. But while you are learning the language you have to be in love with it. And you will learn faster if you are faithful to the language while you are studying it.
Just as when you are in love, you want to and need to spend as much time as possible with the object of your love. You want to hear its voice and read its thoughts. You want to learn more about it, the many words and phrases that it uses to express itself. You think of the language wherever you are. You start to observe the object of your love closely. You notice all the little things it does, you become familiar with its peculiar behaviour patterns. You breathe it. You hear its voice. You feel it. You get to know it better and better, naturally.
Just as in a love affair, there are things about the object of your love that you do not like. You ignore these. You only think about the things that you love. You do not question the object of your love. You just accept it. You do not ask why. You do not ask why it behaves a certain way. You do not seek to understand the secrets to its structure. You just want to be with it, and even to imitate it, the highest form of appreciation.
Loving a language is a one-sided love affair. You love the language. It does not love you back. But the good thing is that it is not jealous of you, of your other previous love affairs. It really does not care if you carry on another love affair at the same time. But, as with people, doing so can create problems…..The language does not criticize you. You can use it however you want, as long as you enjoy yourself.
You are not jealous of other people who love the language you love. In fact you like to meet people who love the language you love. It is a lot less bothersome to love a language than to love a person, Because the love of the language is its own reward. You do not care what the language thinks of you. You are enjoying your affair with the language and do not expect anything in return. As long as you have that relationship, you will learn and improve in the language.
If you just use a language without loving it, you will not improve. If the goal is only to get a better job, or to pass a test, you will not improve. People are the same way. You cannot have a love affair with someone just to get a better job, although……….
This has been my approach. So when I learn a language I spend most of my initial time just listening and reading and building up my words and phrases. I just want to get to know the language, enjoy its personality and get used to it. I do not want anyone to question me, or explain my love to me. I do not want to speak in the language before I have really gotten to know the language, because I know that I will not do justice to my love. I only speak in the language when I want to, when I am ready.
I practice what is known as the "silent period" approach to language learning. Right now I am learning Russian and have been doing so for one year. I read and listen to many different kinds of content, including simple stories, podcasts and Tolstoy. I love it. I do not yet speak Russian. I could if I wanted to. I have been using the latest version of our language learning system, LingQ, which enables people to learn any language they want.
If any of you are interested in having a love affair with a language, send me an email. I will give you one month free use of our language learning system, or should I say language loving system. You can also pick up a copy of my book, The Linguist, at the back or here.
What? Me Worry About Language Learning
by Greg Thomson
Used by permission of the author
http://www.languageimpact.com/articles/gt/whatme.htm
Perhaps the most challenging issue when you’re learning a foreign language is how to keep up your motivation. If you’re learning mostly on your own, and sometimes even with a good teacher, your motivation will inevitably go up and down, often from one day to the next, and all too frequently you’ll be tempted to give up altogether.
I’ve studied foreign languages for nearly thirty years and have taught my native tongue, Spanish, for almost twenty. I have seen what could otherwise have been excellent students abandon their efforts within weeks of starting, and what seemed at first to be poor students reach a highly advanced level, all because of their motivation, or lack of it.
How do successful language learners keep up their motivation? These are the tips I’ve come up with after talking to my students and going through my own experiences as a learner.
- Learning has to be fun. If you don’t like the language course you’re using, get one that suits your style and needs better. If you don’t like your teacher, find a new one. If may sound tough, but it’s your time and money you’re wasting. Remember: boredom is motivation’s greatest enemy.
- Set yourself small, realistic goals. Finish the next lesson over the weekend, make no more than three mistakes in this lesson’s drills, learn that phrase that today feels impossible to say. Motivation feeds on small and frequent achievements.
- Learn something new in every study session, even if it’s just a word or phrase. It’s essential that you make constant steady progress, and you need to feel you’re getting somewhere.
- Reward yourself. Organizing a trip to a country where they speak the language is the best motivation boost, but if your circumstances don’t allow it, there are many other ways to ‘live the language’: watch your favorite TV shows in your chosen language, read comic books and manga, get the foreign version of the magazines you like, read foreign papers, listen to audiobooks. There are thousands of products you can get in the foreign language you’re learning.
مدت زمان هر يك از ويديوها حدود چهار دقيقه است كه دو هفته يك بار منتشر مي شود.
هر ويديو شامل سه اصطلاح انگليسي است كه آموزگار كاربرد آنها را توضيح مي دهد.
در اين درس، سه اصطلاح با استفاده از كلمه "تخم مرغ" آموزش داده مي شود:
1- He's a bag egg: آدم بدطينت و بي صداقت
2- Don't put all your eggs in one basket: براي به انجام رسيدن يك كار متكي يك نقشه واحد نباشيد چون ممكن است درست پيش نرود؛ همه اميدتان به يك منبع نباشد
3- He's got egg on his face: وقتي كسي اشتباهي كرده و در چشم ديگران احمق به نظر رسيده باشد
متن اين درس را به صورت "pdf" دانلود كنيد
یادگیری مکالمه انگلیسی و کلیه زبان های زنده جهان فقط در یک ماه
در خواب زبان بیاموزید
ما تافل و آیلتز شما را تضمین می کنیم
انگلیسی به روش ما
انگلیسی با روش استثنایی دكتر ...
انگلیسی با اساتید آمریکایی و ...
انگلیسی به روش مهندس ...
انگليسي تضميني و ....
امروزه همه عجله دارند . همه می خواهند یک شبه لاغر شوند یا یک روزه وزن اضافه کنند . برخی انتظار دارند یا این انتظار به آنها تلقین میشود که می توانند بیماری های صعب العلاج روحی وجسمیطولاني مدت خود را با اندکی دارو و در کمترین زمان درمان نمایند . متاسفانه این اوضاع و احوال گریبانگیر زبان انگلیسی نیز شده است .
این تبلیغات فراوان روزنامه ها مجلات و ......که ادعا می کنند زبان انگلیسی شما را در مدت کوتاهی به حد ایده آل می رسانند خیلی ها را که با ماهیت زبان و زبان آموزی بیگانه اند فریب می دهد و گاه دچار افسردگی و دلسردی می کند .
عده ای دائما بوق و کرنا می کنند که اگر تا کنون چنین بوده است یا چنان ما چنین می کنیم و .............ادامه ماجرا
و بعد تا بخود می آیید می بینید مبلغ کلانی از شما گرفته اند( البته با شگرد های خاص خود ) و بازهم نگرانی و یاس و ...
جیب خود را با حماقت دیگران پر کن ( ضرب المثلی معروف)
شاید شما هم از خواندن این جملات ناراحت شوید .اما متاسفانه کشور ما با طغیان عده ای سود جو و بقول خودشان متخصص و کاربلد زبان روبرو شده است و فقط جیب عده ای دائما در حال پر شدن و عده ای در حال خالی شدن است !
زبا ن آموزی فرایندی است بلند مدت که یک باره رخ نمی دهد و نیاز به برنامه مدون و منظم دارد . باید در کشور های غیر انگلیسی برای آن محیط ایجاد کرد . محیطی که دائما در آن بتوان انگلیسی شنید حرف زد و در کل تمرین کرد . باید انگیزه فراوان داشت یا ایجاد کرد . تمهیدات فراوان می خواهد . نیاز به برنامه ریزی بلند مدت دارد که البته به اهداف زبان آموزی نیز بستگی دارد . ایا می خواهیم برای آزمون تافل یا آیلتز آماده شویم یا برای کنکور سراسری و یا کارشناسی ارشد . می خواهیم زبان تخصصی رشته خود را بیاموزیم . همه این اهداف فرق دارد و روشهای نیل با آنها نیز طبیعتا تفاوت دارد . اگر مي خواهيم مكالمه بياموزيم با چه هدفي . امكانات و زماني كه قرار است براي يادگيري آن اختصاص دهيم چقدر است . سابقه زبانی ما چگونه بوده است ؟ آیا برای یادگیری وقت و علاقه کافی داریم یا فقط یک حوس زودگذر است ؟ تحصیلات ما در چه حدودی است ؟
ادامه دارد ....
نظر شما چیست ؟ دیدگاههای خود را برای درج در وبلاگ با نام خود شما ارسال نمایید
Online Distance Learning
Online Assessment Tests
Vocabulary Reference
100 WORDS FOR ADVANCED LEARNERS
ENGLISH FIRST NAMES AND MEANINGS
Reading
Listening Resources
منبع :
Learn more about language in general
Learn about principles of language learning
Discover your own learning style characteristics and see how learning style can be applied to language learning
Discover more about your attitudes and the effect of attitudes on language learning
Learn about other factors that may affect the speed and ease with which you learn a language
ادامه مطلب...
http://www.friendsabroad.com/en/generic/tips.htm
http://www.howtobooks.co.uk/leisure/language/how-to-learn.asp
http://www.howtobooks.co.uk/leisure/language/learning.asp
http://www.howtobooks.co.uk/leisure/language/parts-of-speech.asp
http://www.language-learning-advisor.com/language-learning-methods.html
http://www.language-learning-advisor.com/language-learning-tips.html
http://www.language-learning-advisor.com/how-to-learn-languages.html
http://www.howtobooks.co.uk/leisure/language/learning.asp
علي ايماني، استاد رشته زبان انگليسي
مهرداد ناظري-روزبه زعفراني
هرساله مبالغ هنگفتي صرف آموزش زبان انگليسي در نظام آموزشي ايران ميشود، اما متاسفانه نتيجهاي كه بايد در يادگيري پديد آيد، چندان مطلوب نيست. آمارها نشان ميدهد كه كمتر از پنجدرصد ايرانيها ميتوانند به زبان انگليسي تكلم كنند. همچنين بيش از 92درصد از داوطلبان ورود به دانشگاهها كمتر از 10درصد تستهاي مربوط به درس زبان انگليسي را درست جواب ميدهند. اين موارد نشان ميدهد كه نظام برنامهريزي آموزش زبان در ايران با معضلات جدي روبهرو است. دكتر علي ايماني مدرس زبان انگليسي در دانشگاه در اين مورد ميگويد:«در اكثر مدارس تدريس زبان با نوشتن الفباي انگليسي و خواندن از روي كتاب آغاز ميشود. درحالي كه بر اساس توصيهء زبان شناسان، يادگيري زبان دوم با يادگيري همزمان مهارتهاي چهارگانه گوش دادن، صحبت كردن، خواندن و نوشتن همراه است كه اگر ترتيب و تمام جوانب آن مورد توجه قرار نگيرد، يادگيري صورت نميگيرد.» در مورد وضعيت فعلي آموزش زبان انگليسي در مدارس گفتوگويي با اين استاد دانشگاه انجام دادهايم كه در پي ميخوانيد.
سالها است كه زبان انگليسي به عنوان زبان دوم در مقاطع راهنمايي و دبيرستان تدريس ميشود،اما بعد از گرفتن ديپلم دانش آموزان به ندرت ميتوانند انگليسي حرف بزنند، چرا؟
مهمترين دليل اين امر اين است كه روش تدريس زبان در مدارس ما يك روش قديمي و بدون بازده است و اگر ما سالها هم با همين رويه پيش برويم، هيچ تغييري در كيفيت يادگيري دانشآموزان پيدا نخواهد شد. در اين روش جز صرف منابع مالي و انساني فراوان، سود ديگري عايد دانش آموزان و جامعه نخواهد شد.چون اين روشي منسوخ و غيركاربردي است و هم اكنون در دنيا از روشهاي جديدتري براي يادگيري زبان دوم استفاده ميشود.
ادامه مطلب...
Merriam-websters Dictionary
Vocabulary exercises
Dictionary of English Idioms & Idiomatic Expressions
Ask a Teacher
Online English Language Dictionaries
English Pronunciation
English Listening
Language tools
English Activities
Listening
SPELLING
VERBS
HOLIDAYS
Etymology
ENGLISH around the World
HISTORY of the ENGLISH LANGUAGE
funny and interesting tv ads to improve your english
Audio books
English Phonology
Language Games
For beginner reader
For advanced reader
Improve your knowledge of medical terminology
Write academic essays
Kids learn english
Some inspiring stories
The World's Most Inspiring Poems
Inspirationanal quotations
Business English
English Town
American literature
زبان انگليسي نيز مانند اكثر زبانهاي رايج دنيا , علاوه بر زبان اصلي رايج خود داراي گويش ها و به اصطلاح ديالوگ هاي مختلفي هست . بسياري از اين ديالوگ هاي رايج تن آهنگين مخصوصي دارند كه به زيبايي آنها در نظر شنونده كمك بسياري مي كند . بسياري از ديالوگ هاي عاميانه مردم نيز از اين دسته اند كه آشنايي با آنها علاوه بر بعد طنز ميتواند آموزنده نيز باشد .
وب سايت DirectLogic Systems نرم افزار جديد و جالبي تحت عنوان Fun Talk عرضه نموده است كه به شما امكان تبديل گفتمان هاي عادي زبان انگليسي را به "Funny Talk " يا همان صحبت كردن با مزه مي دهد و به اين ترتيب شما به اساني قادر به مقايسه ي آنها خواهيد بود و از زبان رايج و شيرين حاصل لذت خواهيد برد . اين محصول داراي 7 روش مختلف براي تبديل زبان اصلي انگيليسي به زبان Fun است كه اين روش ها شامل :
Jive, Texan, German, Elmer Fudd, Swedish Chef, Valley Talk و L33t Speak مي باشند .
براي مثال اگر شما متن زير را به نرم افزار Fun Talk بدهيد :
I went to the UCLA football game last week at the Vegas Bowl. It was a very exciting game. The weather was really cold that night, but there were still thousands of fans that came to watch the game. Afterwards, my friend and I went to a casino and had breakfast.
با استفاده از روش Jive Translation متن حاصل اين گونه ترجمه شده و به شما تحويل داده خواهد شد :
I went t'de UCLA ball game last week at de Vegas Bowl. 'S coo', bro. It wuzs some real 'itin' game. What it is, Mama! De weada' wuzs really cold dat night, but dere wuz still dousands uh fans dat came t'wuztch de game. What it is, Mama! Afterwuzrds, mah' homey and ah' went t'a casino and gots'tad boogiefast. Man!
Fun Talk را ميتوانيد از اينجا :
دانلود كنيد نسخه ي 1.1 را با حجم 1.57 مگابايت
كرك در بخش نظرات .....
Successful English learners
Many people have learned English well . You can read about some of these people here. Each page tells you about the person and their English, how they learned English, and what English has given them.
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Tom is webmaster at Antimoon.com and an English-Polish translator.
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Michal is a student of mathematics and one of the founders of Antimoon.com.
ادامه مطلب...
This free beginning course includes 8 lessons
Unit 1 - Building Blocks: Basics, ABC's, Numbers
Unit 2 - Family, Time, Prices and the IPA
Unit 3 - Simple Present, Countable and Uncountable, This, That, These and Those, Some and Any
Unit 4 - Present Progressive, Adjectives, Prepositions Listening Exercises
Unit 5 - Past Forms, 'A' 'An' and 'The', Listening Comprehension
Unit 6 - Usage of 'in' / 'at' / 'on' , Adverbs
Unit 7 - Future with Will, The Weather, Listening Comprehension
Unit 8 - Review, Ordering Food in a Restaurant
You will receive an e-mail each week. Each lesson contains an introduction and links to learning materials on the site. The course makes for an excellent introduction to the basics of English. It can be used for self-study or also as review for your beginning students outside class
ادامه مطلب...
English is part of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family of languages. It is spoken as a native* language by around 375 million and as a second language* by around 375 million speakers in the world.
Speakers of English as a second language will soon outnumber those who speak it as a first language. Around 750 million people are believed to speak English as a foreign language*. English has an official* or a special status in 75 countries with a total population of over 2 billion
ادامه مطلب...
Learning another language is not easy, but most people can learn a second language IF they are willing to put in the necessary time. Here are some practical suggestions for studying effectively, overcoming anxiety, and learning the grammar and skills necessary for success in foreign language classes.
ادامه مطلب...
Effective Studying
Structured language courses can be very helpful. However, to save money, there are many other ways to learn a language too.
Language CDs and tapes help you make the most of your time. You can listen while getting ready in the morning, cooking and walking. Cassette programs for many languages are available free from the local public libraries. The Assimel's "Hugo" and "Teach Yourself" series are recommended, especially those with 3 or more cassettes so more substantial material is covered, not just a few phrases to order wine and food.
Vocabulary lists are also helpful. You can work your way up from a list of 1,000 to 10,000 words. Make a pencil mark next to the words you find most difficult to remember. Study those words more carefully.
Get a dictionary, portable and with a large word count. One that gives the context of the words rather than just a synonym in your own language. Once you have reached an intermediate level, you can actually start using a dictionary that is only in the language you are learning.
How to Learn Any Language, by Barry Farber, Kensington Publishing, is filled with techniques that can greatly accelerate your language learning.
Listening to vocabulary at the same time that you're studying it will greatly accelerate your gaining a large vocabulary. VocabuLearn is available at bookstores and less expensive directly from Penton Overseas.
Perfect your Grammar: Practice books and drills are also very helpful.
Practice your Verbs: Make copies of verb charts that give conjugations for all the principal tenses, the regular and irregular verbs. Study these, not just by memorizing the verb list, but by creating sentences for the verbs.
Reading & Speaking
READING
Seeing words in context helps you learn in ways vocabulary lists alone cannot.
Read newspapers, books, and magazines. Visit websites. Pick something a little above your current level. Try to understand words from the context. Only look up those words you need in order to understand the meaning. You will find that each author tends to use certain words more often than others. This repetition will also help you learn.
The Bible and other scriptures are a very good way to practice reading. Translations in many languages are readily available. The verses are often numbered, so you can read a passage in your native language and then in the new language. Some particularly poetic, interesting and inspiring sections of the Bible include Psalms, Proverbs, and the Gospels.
Many TVs have closed captioning, with which you can see the English text (subtitles) at the same time you can listen to the English dialogues for many television programs.
SPEAKING
Take every convenient opportunity to practice listening and using the language. Of course, speaking with native speakers is great, and you can also gain from regular conversation groups.
Advantages of Conversation Groups:
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Practice
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Have fun
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Meet new people
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Learn more about other cultures and your own
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Learn how to use the language in real life situations
You can also completely surround yourself with opportunities to speak, use and learn a language. For example, spending time on vacation where you will be surrounded by native speakers helps you make very rapid progress, especially if you are studying the language while there. You can also do volunteer work with native speakers. Work with refugees and immigrants here in the US or become involved with volunteer help projects overseas. This allows you to do two good things at the same time.
Motivation
One of the most important things for language learners is a strong desire to learn. Keep in mind the advantages of learning a language:
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Broadening your horizons
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Exposure to other cultures
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Making new friends
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Understanding people from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds
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Reading great literature in the original language
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Asset in business, opportunities for promotion and new careers
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More fulfilling travel
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Better understanding of your own native language
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As you learn, you will understand the language and enjoy it more.
حضور در كلاس
خود آموزي
تبادل زباني و ...
A knowledge of one or more foreign languages can be useful in a wide range of careers. For some jobs, such as translating, interpreting and language teaching, language skills are one of the main requirements. For other jobs a combination of languages and other qualifications, knowledge or skills may be needed. For example, people with languages plus IT, law, finance or sales skills are much sought-after
ادامه مطلب...
ادامه مطلب...
علي ايماني، استاد رشته زبان انگليسي
مهرداد ناظري-روزبه زعفراني
هرساله مبالغ هنگفتي صرف آموزش زبان انگليسي در نظام آموزشي ايران ميشود، اما متاسفانه نتيجهاي كه بايد در يادگيري پديد آيد، چندان مطلوب نيست. آمارها نشان ميدهد كه كمتر از پنجدرصد ايرانيها ميتوانند به زبان انگليسي تكلم كنند. همچنين بيش از 92درصد از داوطلبان ورود به دانشگاهها كمتر از 10درصد تستهاي مربوط به درس زبان انگليسي را درست جواب ميدهند. اين موارد نشان ميدهد كه نظام برنامهريزي آموزش زبان در ايران با معضلات جدي روبهرو است. دكتر علي ايماني مدرس زبان انگليسي در دانشگاه در اين مورد ميگويد:«در اكثر مدارس تدريس زبان با نوشتن الفباي انگليسي و خواندن از روي كتاب آغاز ميشود. درحالي كه بر اساس توصيهء زبان شناسان، يادگيري زبان دوم با يادگيري همزمان مهارتهاي چهارگانه گوش دادن، صحبت كردن، خواندن و نوشتن همراه است كه اگر ترتيب و تمام جوانب آن مورد توجه قرار نگيرد، يادگيري صورت نميگيرد.» در مورد وضعيت فعلي آموزش زبان انگليسي در مدارس گفتوگويي با اين استاد دانشگاه انجام دادهايم كه در پي ميخوانيد.
ادامه مطلب...
Most of us have never had to plan and manage our own language learning because teachers and curriculum designers did it for us. But in a typical field situation, 
there is no professional teacher. In such situations language learners must be self-directed; they need to set their own goals, develop their own lessons, and monitor their own progress. Although the emphasis is on providing help for field workers learning undocumented languages, many of the principles and techniques are applicable to self-directed learners of any language.
As part of the LinguaLinks product, SIL has developed an extensive set of resources to help the self-directed language learner with this task of managing the learning process. Many of these resources are made available here as part of this Web site.
Principal tasks
These are the principal tasks involved in planning and managing a language learning program:
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Monitor your progress by periodically evaluating your language proficiency.
زمانه بسیار تغییر کرده است. در دورانی که دانشجو بودیم (اوایل دهه گذشته) برای تقویت زبان انگلیسی خود از بخش Special English بهره فراوانی می بردم. آن زمان خبری از اینترنت نبود. ساعت 8 تا 8:30 شب روی موج متوسط برنامه مذکور پخش میشد البته همراه با پارازیت زیاد. در آنهمه همهمه، به سختی میشد برنامه را گوش کرد.
جالب بود. در این برنامه هر شب ابتدا اخبار مهم دنیا پخش می شد سپس بر اساس برنامه هفتگی، یک موضوع مستقل ارائه میشد. ویژگی این برنامه همانطور که از نامش پیداست آموزش زبان انگلیسی بود بنابراین جملات بسیار شمرده و آهسته خوانده می شد . به نحوی که پس از چندین جلسه که به آن گوش فر ا می دادی می توانستی جملات را با تلفظ صحیح و حتی لهجه مناسب ادا کنی. پیشرفت بسیار عالی بود خوب، البته علاقه و پشتکار هم نیاز بود. هربار هم که برنامه های آن را از دست میدادم پیش خود می گفتم کاش این برنامه ها روی نوار کاست ضبط میشد و امکان خرید آن بود ...
بهرحال، امروزه با دسترسی همگان به اینترنت ، می بینیم که این گنجهای زبان انگلیسی به رایگان در اختیار همگان قرار داده شده است.
شما که دوست دارید در مکالمات خود بدون غلط صحبت کنید. شما که فکر میکنید دایره لغاتتان پایین است و به دنبال یادگیری موثر آن هستید، شما که همیشه از شک در مورد نحوه صحیح تلفظ کلمات در هنگام یک مکالمه در عذاب بوده اید، میتوانید با یک برنامه منظم و با استفاده از موهبت چندرسانه ای بودن اینترنت به سرعت پیشرفت کنید.
1- هر شب اخبار این برنامه را در قسمت listen > Daily Radio که در ستون سمت چپ special english home قرار گرفته است گوش کنید. با توجه به اینکه در این برنامه مهمترین اخبار جهان به صورت شمرده پخش می شود بسیار بسیار مفید می باشد. به دنبال آن برنامه های همانروز پخش می شود که در صورت تمایل می توانید آن را نیز گوش کنید ( مجموعاً 30 دقیقه).
2- برنامه هفتگی Special English را مطالعه کرده و زمینه های مورد علاقه خود را انتخاب کنید و سعی کنید هر شب به آن گوش کنید: برنامه های مذکور همان است که بعد از اخبار روزانه پخش می شود:
* یکی از مفیدترین برنامه ها ، که توصیه می شود حتماٌ هر هفته به آن گوش فرا دهید: داستانهای کوتاه ( شنبه ها) و لغات و ریشه های کلمات و اصلاحات زبان انگلیسی ( یکشنبه ها) میباشد.
۴- سعی کنید حتما عبارات آن را با خود تکرار کنید و یادداشت تهیه کنید.
۵- چنانچه دانش زبان شما در حد خوبی است می توانید اخبار روز را گوش کنید و به موازات آن متن کامل آن را مشاهده نمایید. سپس لغات و عبارات جدید را در جایی یادداشت کنید. برای اینکار شما می توانید در صفحه اصلی ، در زیر بخش : more stories تیتر خبرهایی که در جلوی آن علامت بلندگو دارد را کلیک کنید
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Football English |
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Movie Guide |
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Cyber End |
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Learn With Music |
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Study English Online for Free
If you are looking for free English lessons you've come to the right place! World English now send out weekly free lessons to more than 9,000 students around the world. The lessons contain questions on phrasal verbs, idioms, and vocabulary; and are aimed at those wishing to increase their wordpower. The answers to all our quizzes can be found at the bottom of each email.
Our weekly English lessons are prepared by one of our qualified and experienced native speaker teachers from England or Australia. World English weekly email lessons are written for learners of intermediate level and above. The vocabulary for some lessons will be at intermediate level, some lessons at proficiency.
If you're interested in improving your speaking and listening skills you might also be interested in taking part in our regular free online English conversation classes.
This service is completely free and does not require any sort of membership. Your name and email address will remain confidential, and you will receive only the lessons and no spam! To start receiving your free English lessons in your mail box every week and improving your knowledge of phrasal verbs, idioms, and vocabulary, all you need to do is complete the form below.
There are many ways to improve your level of English:
READ IT
Read as many English books, newspapers and magazines as you can find.
We also recommend the English version of the monthly magazine READERS DIGEST. It has short stories and articles. We are offering copies in our competition on the visitor page.
LISTEN TO IT
Try some of the radio stations we recommend on our radio schedules page. Also to the BBC Overseas Service. They have a very good website designed to help English learners and teachers.
LOOK AT OTHER LEARNING MATERIAL ON THE WEB
EDUNET International in Britain offers online English Grammar with audio, grammar clinic, students magazine, language teaching in other languages plus many links to other resources.
VOLTERRE in France has a valuable list of sites for learners and teachers of English and French.
Both these sites are highly recommended
TALK IT
Talk to friends who are also learning English. Make a rule that perhaps for an hour, or when you go out together, you will only speak English to each other! Find native English-speaking people who will give you conversation practice.
GO TO AN ENGLISH LANGUAGE SCHOOL
See our section of advice on how to choose a good language school.
VISIT AN ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRY
Maybe we will see you in Britain one day? Look at our Visiting Britain pages.
MORE ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH
English is an easy language to start learning because:
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it has no genders. Apart from people, all objects are 'neuter', not 'masculine' or 'feminine'. So you say 'it' for such things, and do not need to learn any genders.
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it usually has easy verb endings. Apart from a few 'irregular' verbs, verb endings are easy, and hardly change.
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adjectives remain the same for all words - there are no different endings to learn.
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the singular and plural pronoun 'you' is the same. There is no need to decide whether to use a polite form, or an intimate form, when speaking to someone as in French or German. (English used to have the singular form 'thou', which was often used in the intimate way like 'tu' or 'du'. In fact, in dialects in parts of England, this is still sometimes used. And in the Republic of Ireland, they have a very sensible plural form of 'you', when speaking to several people: 'yous'.)
The difficult parts of English are:
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the spelling of a word may not show what the pronunciation (way of saying) the word is.
This is because English words came from many different sources. It is not a 'pure' language. -
because English came from two main sources - old French, and old Anglo-Saxon, there is a very large vocabulary of words. Words with similar meanings may have come from both sources. For example, START (from Anglo-Saxon) and COMMENCE (from old French). The meaning is similar, but not precisely the same.
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native English speakers use a lot of idioms, that is - words used in a way which is not their obvious meaning. An English speaker may say,
"I do not think much of apples."
This does not mean he doesn't often think about apples. It means that he does not like apples very much!
Yet he might say,
"I think nothing of going for a swim before breakfast."
What this really means is that he actually likes doing this, and that it is no problem to him!
But don't worry. You will find that you can understand and communicate even when you have not been learning English for long!
To assess how easily you will learn, go through our Self-Test on Learning English. This was produced for us by a leading English language school.
This test will help you to test yourself. It will show you how quickly you will learn English.
Do not send the answers to us! It is just to help you.
It asks you a number of questions within each of these sections. Write your answer on paper. Then look at the "HOW TO CALCULATE YOUR SCORE" section and add up your score for each section.
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Which country do you come from ?
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What is your mother tongue ?
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How old are you ?
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Why do you want to learn English ?
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Have you learned other languages before ?
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Have you studied English before ?
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If you have studied English, then how long?
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What level did you study at ?
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Have you ever been in an English speaking country ?
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If you have lived in an English speaking country, how long was it for?
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How fast do you want to learn ?
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How do you like to learn ?
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Do you like to do a lot of written work ?
HOW TO CALCULATE YOUR SCORE . . .
ادامه مطلب...
This is the LEARNING ENGLISH section of the SOON ONLINE MAGAZINE in easy English. The whole magazine is designed to help those learning English, or who speak it as a second language. You will find many ideas, and links to other sites.
| What is your potential for learning English? A self test programme |
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| How to improve your English advice |
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| The Teacher's Page.......... Advice and help |
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| Listen to spoken English.......... worldwide radio schedules |
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| Corrie ten Boom -'The Secret Room'........... True Holocaust war story from Nazi occupation of Holland.. written in Easy English |
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| History of the English language.......... How English developed |
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| Language schools in Britain.......... advice and addresses |
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| Problems of life.......... Is there an answer to the problems of life? |
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| Visiting Britain......... . Information you need to know |
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| ONLINE Dictionary.......... Link to online dictionary in many languages |
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| What is Christmas all about?.......... traditions and the real story |
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| Easy English Magazine.......... SOON ONLINE Magazine contents page, stories, interviews and much more |
History of English
Five Events that Shaped the History of English
Philip Durkin, Principal etymologist at the Oxford English Dictionary, chooses five events that shaped the English Language.
The Anglo-Saxon Settlement
It's never easy to pinpoint exactly when a specific language began, but in the case of English we can at least say that there is little sense in speaking of the English language as a separate entity before the Anglo-Saxons came to Britain. Little is known of this period with any certainty, but we do know that Germanic invaders came and settled in Britain from the north-western coastline of continental Europe in the fifth and sixth centuries. The invaders all spoke a language that was Germanic (related to what emerged as Dutch, Frisian, German and the Scandinavian languages, and to Gothic), but we'll probably never know how different their speech was from that of their continental neighbours. However it is fairly certain that many of the settlers would have spoken in exactly the same way as some of their north European neighbours, and that not all of the settlers would have spoken in the same way.
The reason that we know so little about the linguistic situation in this period is because we do not have much in the way of written records from any of the Germanic languages of north-western Europe until several centuries later. When Old English writings begin to appear in the seventh, eighth and ninth centuries there is a good deal of regional variation, but not substantially more than that found in later periods. This was the language that Alfred the Great referred to as ‘English’ in the ninth century.
The Celts were already resident in Britain when the Anglo-Saxons arrived, but there are few obvious traces of their language in English today. Some scholars have suggested that the Celtic tongue might have had an underlying influence on the grammatical development of English, particularly in some parts of the country, but this is highly speculative. The number of loanwords known for certain to have entered Old English from this source is very small. Those that survive in modern English include brock (badger), and coomb a type of valley, alongside many place names.
The Scandinavian Settlements
The next invaders were the Norsemen. From the middle of the ninth century large numbers of Norse invaders settled in Britain, particularly in northern and eastern areas, and in the eleventh century the whole of England had a Danish king, Canute. The distinct North Germanic speech of the Norsemen had great influence on English, most obviously seen in the words that English has borrowed from this source. These include some very basic words such as take and even grammatical words such as they. The common Germanic base of the two languages meant that there were still many similarities between Old English and the language of the invaders. Some words, for example give perhaps show a kind of hybridization with some spellings going back to Old English and others being Norse in origin. However, the resemblances between the two languages are so great that in many cases it is impossible to be sure of the exact ancestry of a particular word or spelling. However, much of the influence of Norse, including the vast majority of the loanwords, does not appear in written English until after the next great historical and cultural upheaval, the Norman Conquest.
1066 and after 1066 and all that
The centuries after the Norman Conquest witnessed enormous changes in the English language. In the course of what is called the Middle English period, the fairly rich inflectional system of Old English broke down. It was replaced by what is broadly speaking, the same system English has today, which unlike Old English makes very little use of distinctive word endings in the grammar of the language. The vocabulary of English also changed enormously, with tremendous numbers of borrowings from French and Latin, in addition to the Scandinavian loanwords already mentioned, which were slowly starting to appear in the written language. Old English, like German today, showed a tendency to find native equivalents for foreign words and phrases (although both Old English and modern German show plenty of loanwords), whereas Middle English acquired the habit that modern English retains today of readily accommodating foreign words. Trilingualism in English, French, and Latin was common in the worlds of business and the professions, with words crossing over from one language to another with ease. One only has to flick through the etymologies of any English dictionary to get an impression of the huge number of words entering English from French and Latin during the later medieval period. This trend was set to continue into the early modern period with the explosion of interest in the writings of the ancient world.
Standardization
The late medieval and early modern periods saw a fairly steady process of standardization in English south of the Scottish border. The written and spoken language of London continued to evolve and gradually began to have a greater influence in the country at large. For most of the Middle English period a dialect was simply what was spoken in a particular area, which would normally be more or less represented in writing - although where and from whom the writer had learnt how to write were also important. It was only when the broadly London standard began to dominate, especially through the new technology of printing, that the other regional varieties of the language began to be seen as different in kind. As the London standard became used more widely, especially in more formal contexts and particularly amongst the more elevated members of society, the other regional varieties came to be stigmatized, as lacking social prestige and indicating a lack of education.
In the same period a series of changes also occurred in English pronunciation (though not uniformly in all dialects), which go under the collective name of the Great Vowel Shift. These were purely linguistic ‘sound changes’ which occur in every language in every period of history. The changes in pronunciation weren’t the result of specific social or historical factors, but social and historical factors would have helped to spread the results of the changes. As a result the so-called ‘pure’ vowel sounds which still characterise many continental languages were lost to English. The phonetic pairings of most long and short vowel sounds were also lost, which gave rise to many of the oddities of English pronunciation, and which now obscure the relationships between many English words and their foreign counterparts.
Colonization and Globalization
During the medieval and early modern periods the influence of English spread throughout the British Isles, and from the early seventeenth century onwards its influence began to be felt throughout the world. The complex processes of exploration, colonization and overseas trade that characterized Britain’s external relations for several centuries became agents for change in the English language. This wasn’t simply through the acquisition of loanwords deriving from languages from every corner of the world, which in many cases only entered English via the languages of other trading and imperial nations such as Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands, but through the gradual development of new varieties of English, each with their own nuances of vocabulary and grammar and their own distinct pronunciations. More recently still, English has become a lingua franca, a global language, regularly used and understood by many nations for whom English is not their first language. (For further information on this see the pages on Global English on this site). The eventual effects on the English language of both of these developments can only be guessed at today, but there can be little doubt that they will be as important as anything that has happened to English in the past sixteen hundred years.
Printer friendly version
If you want to write direct and lively English, you can learn a lot from journalists. This week Anna McKane gives us loads of advice for successful writing - from how to choose the right words and the need for accuracy, to tips on avoiding clichés and using too many words!
We'll also chat to Jonny who'll be leaving London on Friday for Madagascar to be a foreign correspondent - how does he feel?
You can listen at 12.15 GMT on Thursday 14th September 2006
(1) By telephone - don't worry about the cost
Email us your telephone number and we may call you during the programme. Email us at talkaboutenglish@bbc.co.uk
(2) By email
You can always email us about any of the topics above. Email us at talkaboutenglish@bbc.co.uk
Whether you've just started or you're an old hand at language learning, answer the next 9 questions and get advice on making the most of your strengths and overcoming your weaknesses.
You know you've made it when you can hold a conversation in the language you're learning.
Here we have compiled tips both from you and us - the Languages team - that can help you to improve your speaking and listening skills.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/yoursay/speaking_and_listening.shtml
نگاهى اجمالى بر دو گرايش زبان انگليسى در دانشگاهها
«با سواد كسي است كه ...»
شايد زماني براي كامل كردن اين جمله فقط لازم بود بنويسم «توانايي خواندن و نوشتن را داشته باشد» اما امروزه بدون توجه به شرايط زماني و مكاني نميتوان اين جمله را كامل كرد چرا كه در مكانها و زمانهاي متعدد، مفهوم باسواد متفاوت است. براي مثال امروزه در كشورهاي پيشرفته و حتي كشورهاي در حال توسعه، فرد باسواد علاوه بر توانايي خواندن و نوشتن بايد حداقل به يك زبان خارجي مسلط باشد تا بتواند در دنياي امروز؛ دنيايي كه متخصصان علوم ارتباطات به آن خانوادة جهاني ميگويند،نقش مؤثري بر عهده بگيرد.
گرايش مترجمي زبان انگليسي:
هر كشوري براي ارتباط سياسي، اجتماعي، اقتصادي، علمي، فرهنگي و حتي مذهبي با كشورهاي ديگر نياز به مترجماني قدرتمند و متبحر دارد. دروس گرايش مترجمي زبان انگليسي به سه بخش دروس عمومي، تخصصي پايه و تخصصي اصلي تقسيم ميشود كه دروس عمومي و تخصصي پايه بين دو گرايش زبان و ادبيات انگليسي و مترجمي زبان انگليسي مشترك است و دروس تخصصي اصلي مجزا ميباشد؛ يعني دانشجويان گرايش مترجمي در اين بخش، انواع دروس ترجمه مثل ترجمه انفرادي، ترجمه پيشرفته، ترجمه متون ادبي و اصول و روش ترجمه را ميگذرانند و دانشجويان زبان و ادبيات انگليسي شعر، ادبيات نمايشي، رمان و تاريخ ادبيات انگليسي را مطالعه ميكنند.
دروس تخصصي گرايش مترجمي زبان انگليسي:
ساخت زبان فارسي، آشنايي با ادبيات معاصر ايران، نگارش فارسي، واژهشناسي، ترجمه پيشرفته، ترجمه متون اقتصادي، ترجمه متون علومانساني (جامعهشناسي، تعليم و تربيت، روانشناسي و حقوق)، ترجمه متون سياسي، ترجمه مكاتبات و اسناد زبان دوم، ترجمه متون مطبوعاتي زبان دوم، ترجمه شفاهي، ترجمه نوار و فيلم ، بررسي مقابلهاي ساخت جمله ، اصول و مباني نظري، ترجمه متون ادبي.
تواناييهاي لازم :
دانشجوي زبان انگليسي نبايد دانشگاه را محلي براي آموزش ابتدايي زبان بداند بلكه بايد پيش از ورود به دانشگاه با زبان انگليسي آشنايي كامل داشته باشد. و در دانشگاه با اصول و روش ترجمه و زبانشناسي يا ادبيات انگليسي آشنا گردد. همچنين يك دانشجوي مترجمي بايد به زبان فارسي تسلط كامل داشته باشد چون ترجمه از هر زباني به زبان فارسي علاوه بر مهارت در زبان انگليسي به مهارت بيشتري در زبان و نگارش فارسي نياز دارد. البته صِرف دانستن دو زبان، انسان را مترجم نميكند بلكه بايد دانشجو اطلاعات عمومي خوبي داشته باشد، مثلاً نميشود چيزي از فلسفه ندانست و يك كتاب فلسفي را ترجمه كرد يا بدون اطلاع از زندگي، افكار و دوران تاريخي يك نويسنده، يكي از كتابهايش را ترجمه نمود.
موقعيت شغلي در ايران :
دانشجوي خوب گرايش مترجمي يك فارغالتحصيل موفق ميشود و در نتيجه فرصتهاي شغلي زيادي دارد. براي مثال ميتواند جذب صداوسيما، خبرگزاري ها، وزارت جهاد كشاورزي و وزارت امور خارجه شود يا در سازمانها و مؤسسات خصوصي كه با خارج از كشور ارتباط دارند و نيازمند به مترجم هستند، فعاليت كند. يك فارغالتحصيل ادبيات انگليسي نيز ميتواند در حوزه كاري خود به ترجمه بپردازد؛ يعني متون ادبي از جمله داستان يا شعر را ترجمه كند.
گرايش زبان و ادبيات انگليسي
در گرايش زبان و ادبيات انگليسي طي سه ترم، دروس پايه كه شامل خواندن، نگارش و مكالمه است، آموزش داده ميشود تا دانشجو با مسائل اساسي زبان آشنا گشته و آماده مطالعه دروس تخصصي خود شامل ادبيات انگليسي، ترجمه، زبانشناسي و روش تدريس ، آزمونسازي و نقد ادبي گردد.
- درسهاي اين رشته در طول تحصيل :
دروس مشترك در گرايشهاي زبان انگليسي:
خواندن و درك مفاهيم، دستور و نگارش ، گفت و شنود آزمايشگاه، متون يادگيري زبان، نگارش پيشرفته، ترجمه متون ساده، اصول و روش ترجمه، كاربردهاي اصطلاحات و تعبيرات در ترجمه، آواشناسي انگليسي، درآمدي بر ادبيات انگليسي، خواندن متون مطبوعاتي، نمونههاي نثر ساده، بيان شفاهي داستان، نامهنگاري انگليسي، مقالهنويسي، بررسي آثار ترجمهشده اسلامي، اصول و روش تحقيق، آزمونسازي زبان، روش تدريس.
دروس تخصصي گرايش زبان و ادبيات انگليسي:
كليات زبانشناسي، زبان دوم (فرانسه يا آلماني)، داستان كوتاه، سيري در تاريخ ادبيات انگليسي، فنون و صناعات ادبي، ترجمه متون ادبي، نمايشنامه، شعر انگليسي ، آشنايي با رمان، اصول و روش نقد ادبي، مكتبهاي ادبي، متون برگزيده نثر ادبي.
منبع :irgoogle
زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان مادری در کشورهای انگلستان، آمریکا، کانادا، استرالیا، ایرلند، نیوزلند، افریقای جنوبی و بسیاری کشورهای دیگر تکلم میشود. انگلیسی امروزه ار نظر تعداد گویشوَر، پس از چینی، اسپانیایی و هندی، چهارمین زبان جهانست. تعداد کسانی که زبان مادریشان انگلیسی است امروزه 380 میلیون نفر است. انگلیسی در بسیاری از کشورها زبان میانجی است و مهمترین زبان دنیا در زمینههای سیاسی، اقتصادی، نظامی، صنعتی، فرهنگی و علمی در روابط بینالملل بشمار میآید.
آفتاب: نتايج يك پژوهش نشان ميدهد، فراگيرشدن زبان انگليسي در جهان، كاهش توان رقابتي كشورهاي انگليس وآمريكا را باعث شده است.
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